Name______________________________ Period______

Federalism refers to the division of power between the federal and state governments. The historical foundation of federalism was established through the writings in the Federalist Papers and early Supreme Court decisions.

1. Explain how the case of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) expanded the role of the federal government. (pgs.117-118)

2. For some reason, political scientists have developed a series of bakery metaphors to describe different types of federalism. Explain the key differences between Layer-Cake and Marble-Cake federalism (otherwise known respectively as dual and cooperative federalism).(pgs.107-111)

a. layer-cake

b. marble-cake

3. Give an example of a method used by the federal government to extend its power over the states.(pgs. 102-104)

4. Explain how each of the following dramatically shifted power from the states to the national (federal) government. (pgs. 112-115)

a. the Civil War

b. constitutional amendments

14th -

16th-

15th-

c. the commerce clause

d. the Great Depression (pgs. 120-121)

e. the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 (pgs. 113 and 122)

f. Lyndon Johnson's War of Poverty (pg. 122)

5. Contrast the approaches taken by the following presidents in their efforts to reshape federalism. (pgs.123-125)

a. Richard Nixon

b.Ronald Reagan

c. Bill Clinton

Explain or Identify:

states' rights (pg.107)

implied powers (pg.107)

elastic ("necessary and proper") clause (pgs.107/111)

grants-in-aid (pg.115/117)

categorical grants (pg.115)

block grant (pg.115)

nullification (pg.119)

mandate (pg.126)

John Marshall (pgs.117-118)